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Testudo marginata albina - tartarughe albine - page up sx testudo marginata albina, sarda, testudo hermanni sarda, toscana, ibera, etetozigoti, heterozygotes Testudo marginata albina - tartarughe albine - page up dx
For each character exist a maternal reproduction and a paternal reoduction of the gene or genes (defined allele) which codify it. In higher organism, the genome is in fact 2n, with n = to the number of chromosomes typical of the species. This has a great evolutive importance. In human we have exactly 23 chromosomes of paternal derivation and 23 chromosomes of maternal derivation for a total of 46.
A gene may have dominance characteristics. It may manifest itself even if in only one reproduction, of codomination when both (different) reproductions manifest equaly themselves (blood groups), or recessive. In this last case it may manifest itself only if are both reproductions (both maternal and paternal ones).

This imply that also from two normal specimen, but both carriers of an albino allele (heterozygotes), may born albino specimen. In this case the probability (respected only in great number) will be 1 albino (25%), 2 heterozygotes (50%) and one normal homozygote (both normal alleles) for each 4 born (25%).

In case in which an heterozygote for albino gene cross with a recessive homozygote albino, the probability that born albinos is 1 out of 2 little (50%). Specimen of normal pigment will be in its turn heterozygotes (carriers) for unexpressed albino gene because recessive.
If an albino couple with an albino gene's no carrier specimen all born specimen will be carrier of the mutated gene (hetrozygotes), but they will have normal pigment.


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Testudo marginata heterozygote
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Testudo albina and Testudo standard bottom view
Testudo marginata albina - tartarughe albine - page down sx testudo marginata albina, sarda, testudo hermanni sarda, toscana, ibera, etetozigoti, heterozygotes Testudo marginata albina - tartarughe albine - page down dx
 
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